SIMULATION MODELING OF CONFLICT INTERACTION OF BLE PACKETS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2025.30.997Keywords:
luetooth Low Energy, simulation modeling, conflicting signal interaction, ESP32, HackRF One, nRF52840, integrity, availability, noise generator, interference, countermeasure, radio channel interference immunity.Abstract
The article is devoted to reviewing the software-hardware method of simulating BLE packets in a saturated environment with the presence of interfering signals. The method combines an Android application, external BLE antennas based on ESP32-S3 and nRF52840, as well as the HackRF One SDR receiver, allowing you to form and study the interaction of informative and interfering radio signals in the 2.4 GHz range. The object of the study is the conflict interaction of radio signals in the BLE channel. The subject of the study is a method for modeling BLE packets with adjustable parameters and a methodology for experimentally investigating the impact of an interference generator on the quality of BLE packet reception. A BLE advertising source with parameters such as channel, interval, payload length, and transmission power has been developed. An orchestrator was also created using the Python programming language, which ensures the operation of a set of nRF52840 transmitters with the necessary preset parameters. The data from these transmitters is collected by two receivers: an external BLE antenna connected to an Android device and a SmartRF packet analyzer. A series of physical experiments was conducted without interference and in the presence of a broadband interference signal. It was demonstrated that for the Android receiver, the proportion of correctly received frames for short advertising packets (2–10 bytes) without interference is on average 68–78%, while for SmartRF it reaches 80–90%. When an interference signal is introduced, a significant (by an order of magnitude) decrease in the adequate channel bandwidth is observed, and a sharp increase in the number of “broken” packets, especially for extended BLE frames. Heat maps of the distribution of the number of received packets for nRF and SmartRF were constructed. The experiment was conducted using an independent spectrum analyzer built on the HackRF One SDR. The results can be used to assess the noise immunity of BLE systems and design a radio channel for IoT networks.
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